Pengertian Adverbial Clause
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja. Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction(kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).Jadi adverb clause adalah anak kalimat yang menerangkan kata sifat dan kata kerja dan berfungsi sebagai adverb.
Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:
1. Clause of Time
Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction(kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.Contoh:Shut the door before you go out.You may begin when(ever) you are ready.While he was walking home, he saw an accident.By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctionseperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.Contoh:They sat down wherever they could find empty seatsThe guard stood where he was positioned.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yangsaling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as thetime, dll.Contoh:As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.Although it is late, we’ll stay a little longer.He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwaterjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as,how, like, in that, dll.Contoh:He did as I told him.You may finish it how you like.They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat denganmenggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the endthat, lest, in case, dll.Contoh:They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.She bought a book so (that) she could learn EnglishHe is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.Contoh:It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. AT AU It was so hot a day that wedecided to stay indoors.It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if,unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), oncondition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh:If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such aloss.In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necesarry informat.
Contoh soal adverbial clause ADVERB CLAUSES
Choose the correct answer
1. Murat decided to give up smoking _________he had had a heart attack two times.a) in case b) although c) because d) even if
2. ____________ she was walking along the garden, she found a very rare flower.
a) because b) provided that c) so that d) while
3. ____________ my father woke up, he realised that he had forgotten to turn off the lights.
a) when b) unless c) while d) even though
4. __________ he behaves well, Mary will never talk to him.
a) although b) unless c) if d) in the even that
5. __________ my best friend Hasan five years older than me, he looks very young.
a) until b) when c) although d) because
6. __________ they have passed the stamina test, they can get their scuba diving licence.
a) Now that b) Even though c) Unless d) When
7. I have decided to buy a car ____________ I can go to work easily.
a) in case b) so that c) provided that d) although
8. Merve looks at her husband _________ she hasn’t seen him before.
a) as if b) when c) although d) because
9. The soldiers in the camp will be punished ___________ they didn’t obey the rules.
a) although b) because c) even if d) however
10. You must wear your helmet while riding a motorbike, __________ you may hurt seriously in case of an accident.
a) but b) although c) even though d) otherwise
11. __________ you are in top form, your coach always shows you respect.
a) Unless b) As long as c) Although d) As if
12. __________ Jale did the ironing, _____________ she had also prepared the breakfast.
a) not only / but b) not had only / but c) not only had / but d) not only have / but
13. I don’t want to invite Kemal to the party ___________ he always talks about nonsense things.
a) although b) even if c) despite d) because
14. I’m going to work harder __________ I can be promoted.
a) when b) so that c) because d) in spite of
15. She was very exhausted ____________ she didn’t stop working.
a) but b) unless c) although d) because
Key: 1.c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.b 10.d 11.b 12. a 13. d 14. b 15. a
DIRECT DAN INDIRECT SPEECH
Ada dua cara untuk mengungkapkan apa yang seseorang katakan yaitu: langsung (direct) dan tidak langsung (indirect/reported).
Pada kalimat langsung, kita mengulangi ucapan pembicara (speaker) sama persis. Kalimat langsung biasanya digunakan dalam percakapan di dalam buku, drama, ataupun dalam tanda kurung.
Contoh:
He said, ‘I have lost my umbrella.’
Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.
Contoh:
Mike said, “I will come to your house.”
reporting reported
Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.
PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)
A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)
Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
Contoh:
Direct
• John (phoning from the station), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
• Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.”
Indirect
• John says that he is trying to get a taxi.
• Siska says that the sun rises every morning.
Namun demikian, kalimat tidak langsung biasanya diawali dengan verb lampau (past tense). Pada hal ini, verb pada reported sentence harus diganti dengan turun satu level. Perubahan tenses tersebut dapat dilihat dalam tabel yang ada di bawah ini:
Contohnya :
Lengkapilah kalimat berikut dengan bentuk “reported speech”.
- “Do you need a pen?” Ani asked. = Ani asked me if …
- John asked, “What do you want?” = John asked me …
- Sue asked, “Are you hungry?” = Sue wanted to know if
- “I’am going to move to Ohio,” said Bruce.= Bruce informed me (that) …
- “I may be late,” said Mike. = Mike told me (that) …
Bellow is my answer. Please correct me if my answer wrong.
- “Do you need a pen?” Ani asked. = Ani asked me if I was need a pen.
- John asked, “What do you want?” = John asked me what I wanted.
- Sue asked, “Are you hungry?” = Sue wanted to know if I was hungry.
- “I’m going to move to Ohio,” said Bruce. = Bruce informed me (that) he went to move to Ohio.
- “I may be late,” said Mike. = Mike told me (that) he was late.
Daftar pustaka :
